37 Calculators
Math
Areas and volumes of shapes, triangles, percentages, averages, roots, rounding and fractions, each worked step by step.
These calculators work the formulas from school geometry, algebra and statistics: the area and perimeter of flat shapes, the volume and surface area of solids, triangles and trigonometry, percentages, averages and standard deviation, roots, logarithms, rounding and fractions. Each page shows the formula it uses, then puts your numbers through it step by step, so you can follow the working and check it against a textbook.
The arithmetic runs in 34-digit decimals, and pi is computed to the same 34 digits rather than taken as 3.14. That matters less for one answer than for a chain of them: a radius that becomes an area that becomes a volume keeps its accuracy all the way through, and only the figure shown on screen is rounded.
Shape calculators take lengths in whatever unit you like and return areas in that unit squared and volumes in that unit cubed. Mix units, say a radius in inches and a height in feet, and the answer is wrong, so convert first.
Start here
- I need the area of a round table top.
- Measure across the middle for the diameter and enter it in the circle area calculator. It halves the diameter for the radius and gives the area in the same unit squared.Area of a Circle Calculator (with Sector and Semicircle)
- How long is the diagonal brace for this frame?
- The two sides of the frame are the legs of a right triangle and the brace is its hypotenuse. Enter both in the right triangle calculator.Pythagorean Theorem Calculator: Right Triangle Sides, Angles and Hypotenuse
- How much does a cylindrical tank hold?
- Use the cylinder volume calculator with the inside radius and height. Measured in inches, feet, centimetres or metres, it also gives the capacity in litres and US gallons.Volume of a Cylinder Calculator (and Surface Area)
How these calculators fit together
Circles and round solids
The circle calculators find the radius, diameter, circumference and area from any one of them, plus the arc length and area of a sector. The cylinder, cone and sphere calculators give volume and surface area, with the curved and flat surfaces listed separately.
Area of a Circle Calculator (with Sector and Semicircle)Circle Calculator: Radius, Diameter, Circumference and Arc LengthVolume of a Cylinder Calculator (and Surface Area)Volume of a Cone Calculator (and Surface Area)Volume of a Sphere Calculator (Surface Area and Hemisphere)
Triangles and angles
The triangle area calculator works from a base and height, from two sides and the angle between them, from all three sides by Heron’s formula, or from an isosceles triangle’s sides. The right triangle calculator solves the missing sides and angles from any two known values and builds the special 30-60-90 and 45-45-90 triangles from one leg. The triangle calculator solves any triangle and says whether it is acute, right or obtuse, and the angle calculator gives complements, supplements, coterminal angles and angles of depression.
Area of a Triangle Calculator (Base and Height, Heron, Isosceles)Pythagorean Theorem Calculator: Right Triangle Sides, Angles and HypotenuseTriangle Calculator: Sides, Angles and Type (Acute, Right or Obtuse)Complement of an Angle Calculator (Supplement, Coterminal, Depression)
Flat shapes, boxes and pyramids
Rectangles, squares, parallelograms, trapezoids, kites and regular polygons, each with its own area formula. The prism and box calculator gives the volume, surface area and space diagonal of a rectangular box, and the pyramid calculator a third of the matching prism. The surface area to volume ratio calculator compares solids of any size, and the density calculator turns a mass into a volume.
Area of a Rectangle Calculator (Square, Parallelogram and Kite)Area of a Trapezoid Calculator (and Trapezoidal Prism Volume)Polygon Area Calculator: Hexagon, Pentagon, Octagon and EllipseVolume of a Rectangular Prism Calculator (Box, Cube and Triangular Prism)Volume of a Pyramid Calculator (Square, Rectangular and Triangular)Surface Area to Volume Ratio Calculator (and Surface Area from Volume)Mass, Volume and Density Calculator (Volume from Mass and Density)
Numbers
The percentage calculator answers the three common questions: what is X percent of Y, X is what percent of Y, and the percent change from one number to another. The average calculator handles plain and weighted means.
Percentage Calculator: X% of Y, What Percent, and Percent ChangeAverage Calculator: Mean, Median, Mode and Weighted Average
Arithmetic and number work
Rounding to any place with both the half-up and half-to-even rules, counting and rounding significant figures, exact fractions and repeating decimals, the greatest common factor and least common multiple, division with a remainder under each sign convention, roots, logarithms, and hex, binary and octal at any length.
Rounding Calculator: Round to the Nearest Ten, Hundredth or ThousandSignificant Figures Calculator: Count, Round and Scientific NotationDecimal to Fraction Calculator (and Fraction to Decimal and Percent)GCF and LCM Calculator (with Least Common Denominator)Division Calculator with Remainder (Quotient, Remainder and Modulo)Square Root and Cube Root Calculator (Any nth Root)Logarithm Calculator (log, ln, log2) and ExponentsHex Converter: Hex to Decimal, Binary and OctalDifference Calculator: Absolute and Percent Difference
Algebra, coordinates and trigonometry
The slope and equation of a line, vertex form of a quadratic, distance and midpoint, proportions and scale factors, the six trigonometric functions in degrees or radians, polar and rectangular coordinates, and the cross product of two vectors. Fractions stay exact wherever the inputs allow it.
Slope Calculator: Slope-Intercept Form from Two PointsVertex Form Calculator: Standard Form to Vertex Form and BackDistance Formula Calculator with Midpoint (2D and 3D)Proportion and Scale Factor Calculator (with Golden Ratio)Trig Calculator: Sin, Cos, Tan and Inverse in Degrees or RadiansPolar to Rectangular Coordinates Calculator (and Back)Cross Product Calculator (with Dot Product and Vector Magnitude)
Statistics
Sample and population standard deviation and variance, z-scores with normal probabilities and critical values, and the one-sample t-test with a confidence interval. The normal and t distributions are computed, not looked up, and checked against the NIST/SEMATECH tables.
Standard Deviation Calculator: Sample and Population, with VarianceZ-Score Calculator with P-Values and Critical ValuesT-Test Calculator: One-Sample t, P-Value and Confidence Interval
What these tools leave out
- The shape formulas assume ideal shapes: straight edges, flat faces, true circles. A real object with rounded corners or tapering sides will differ.
- The perimeter of an ellipse has no exact formula. The calculator uses Ramanujan’s approximation and says so on the page.
- The shape calculators take angles in degrees. If your problem is in radians, multiply by 180 and divide by pi first; the trigonometry and polar coordinate calculators accept either unit.
All Calculators
Works out the area of a circle, sector or semicircle from a radius or diameter, with the arc length, perimeter and chord.
Works out the area, perimeter and diagonal of a rectangle or square, and the area and perimeter of a parallelogram or kite.
Works out the area, median and perimeter of a trapezoid, and the volume and surface area of a trapezoidal prism.
Works out the area of a triangle from base and height, three sides, two sides and the included angle, or an isosceles triangle's equal side and base.
Works out the mean, median, mode, range and sorted order of a list of numbers, or a weighted average with one weight per value.
Works out a circle's radius, diameter, circumference and area from any one of them, with the arc length and sector area for a central angle.
Works out an angle's complement, supplement, coterminal and reference angles, radians and double-angle values, or an angle of depression from a height and a distance.
Works out the cross product of two three-dimensional vectors with its magnitude, unit normal, the dot product, both magnitudes and the angle between the vectors.
Converts exactly between decimals, fractions, mixed numbers and percents, shows repeating decimals in full, and rounds to the nearest half, quarter, eighth, sixteenth, thirty-second or sixty-fourth.
Works out the absolute difference, the signed change, the percent difference and the percent change in each direction between two numbers.
Works out the straight-line distance between two points in two or three dimensions, its exact radical form, the midpoint and the Manhattan distance.
Divides one number by another and gives the quotient and remainder under the Euclidean, truncated and floored rules, the exact decimal quotient and the mixed number.
Works out the greatest common factor and least common multiple of a list of whole numbers by Euclid's algorithm, or the least common denominator of a list of fractions.
Converts whole numbers exactly between hexadecimal, decimal, binary and octal at any length, and gives the bits and bytes they need.
Works out logarithms in base 10, e, 2 or any other base, and the matching powers, including e to the x and 10 to the x.
Solves density equals mass over volume for whichever of volume, mass or density is missing, converting between metric and US units exactly.
Works out X percent of Y, what percent X is of Y, the percent change from X to Y, and Y increased or decreased by X percent, with exact decimal arithmetic.
Converts a point between polar coordinates and rectangular coordinates in either direction, with the angle in degrees or radians and the complex number form.
Works out the area, perimeter, apothem and angles of a regular polygon from its side, and the area and approximate perimeter of an ellipse.
Solves a proportion for its missing term, finds the constant of proportionality and the length, area and volume scale factors, and splits a length by the golden ratio.
Solves a right triangle from any two sides or a side and an acute angle, giving every side, both acute angles, the area and the 45-45-90 and 30-60-90 special cases.
Rounds a number to a chosen place value and shows the result under round half up, round half to even, ceiling, floor and truncation.
Counts the significant figures in a typed number by the standard rules, rounds it to a chosen number of significant figures, and writes it in scientific and E notation.
Works out the slope of a line from two points or from a point and a slope, and writes the line in slope-intercept, point-slope and standard form with its intercepts.
Works out the square root, cube root or any nth root of a real number, with the simplest radical form for whole numbers up to a trillion.
Works out the sample and population standard deviation and variance of a list of numbers, with the mean, the sum of squared deviations and the standard error of the mean.
Works out the surface area to volume ratio of five solids, and a sphere's or cube's surface area from its volume or volume from its surface area.
Runs a one-sample t-test of a mean against a hypothesised value and gives the t statistic, degrees of freedom, p-value, critical t and a confidence interval.
Solves a triangle from three sides, two sides and the included angle, or two angles and a side, and names it acute, right or obtuse and equilateral, isosceles or scalene.
Works out the six trigonometric functions of an angle in degrees or radians, and the inverse sine, cosine and tangent of a value.
Converts a quadratic between standard form and vertex form and gives the vertex, axis of symmetry, extreme value, discriminant, roots and y-intercept.
Works out the volume, slant height and surface area of a right circular cone, with its capacity in litres, US gallons and cubic yards.
Works out the volume, curved and total surface area of a cylinder from its radius or diameter and height, with the capacity in litres and US gallons.
Works out the volume, slant height and surface area of a right pyramid on a rectangular or regular polygon base, or the volume from any base area.
Works out the volume, surface area, space diagonal and capacity of a box or cube, and the volume and surface of a triangular prism from its three base sides.
Works out the volume and surface area of a sphere or hemisphere from its radius or diameter, or a sphere's radius from its volume or surface area.
Standardises a raw score into a z-score, gives the standard normal areas and p-values for any z, and finds the critical z for a confidence level.